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February 2020 Mortgage Monitor

COVID-19 Unemployment Spike Triggering Surge in Mortgage Forbearance Requests; Principal and Interest Advances Will Lead to Servicer Liquidity Challenges

  • Using Great Recession mortgage performance as a point of comparison, ICE estimates that an unemployment rate of 15%, as projected by Goldman Sachs for Q2 2020, could result in 3.5 million new mortgage delinquencies
  • Forbearance programs offered by various mortgage servicers and dictated by FHFA, HUD and the newly signed CARES Act may help alleviate some of the financial stress on borrowers
  • Pointing to the effectiveness of forbearance programs in a time of crisis, of the more than 140,000 seriously delinquent mortgages caused by the 2017 hurricane season, just 1% of homes were lost to foreclosure or short sale two years after the storms
  • At the same time, a marked increase in forbearance requests are inundating servicers’ operations and will require payment of billions of dollars per month in principal and interest (P&I) advances to government-backed securities holders
  • If just 5% of homeowners seek forbearance, servicers would need to advance more than $2.1 billion in P&I per month to security holders; at 10%, the monthly cost would jump to $4.2 billion; and at 20% to $8.48 billion

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – April 13, 2020 – Today, the Data & Analytics division of ICE released its latest Mortgage Monitor Report, based upon the company’s industry-leading mortgage performance, housing and public records datasets. This month, in light of the growing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, ICE drilled down into aspects of its extensive white paper exploring the ramifications of this crisis for the real estate and mortgage industries. As Data & Analytics President Ben Graboske explained, any attempt to quantify potential delinquencies from the current situation is challenging, as there have been no true corollaries in history.

“Trying to gauge the impact of COVID-19 on mortgage performance is as much an art right now as a science,” said Graboske. “The fact is that there is no true point of comparison in the nation’s recent history for analysts to model against. That said, there are some historical clues that can help shed light. In the Great Recession, for example, the number of past- due mortgages tripled over four years, increasing by more than 5.5 million, as the unemployment rate rose relatively sharply from 4.5% in 2006 to 10% by the end of 2009. Today, we’ve seen more than 10 million people file for unemployment since the coronavirus was labeled a pandemic on March 11, which should put the unemployment rate at roughly 9.5%. Using the Great Recession as a point of comparison, ICE’s AFT modeling team looked at potential delinquencies under different unemployment scenarios, and at 10%, we could expect 2 million new mortgage delinquencies. That would put the total at 4 million delinquencies with a national non-current rate of 7.5%. If unemployment climbs to the 15% recently projected by Goldman Sachs1, we could be looking at 5.5 million past-due mortgages. Should unemployment reach the 32% projected by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis2, the non-current rate could spike to nearly 19%, surpassing what we saw during the Great Recession, with 10 million homeowners past due on their mortgages.

“The various forbearance programs being offered to borrowers via the recently passed CARES Act, as well as via individual agencies and mortgage servicers, are a key difference today. Mortgage performance in the wake of natural disasters gives an idea of how well such programs have worked to help keep people in their homes. Pointing to the effectiveness of forbearance programs in a time of crisis, of the more than 140,000 seriously delinquent mortgages caused by the 2017 hurricane season, just 1% of homes were lost to foreclosure or short sale two years after the storms. Although, should financial disruptions become more long-term, additional assistance programs may become necessary. Of course, a surge of forbearance requests brings its own challenges, both operational and financial.

“Mortgage servicers are already being inundated with such requests, and those without the proper technology solutions or staffing levels in place will be hard-pressed to manage the situation. Likewise, servicers still need to pay principal and interest (P&I) advances to federally backed securities holders, even if borrowers are granted deferments on paying their mortgages. If even just 5% of homeowners with GSE- or GNMA-securitized mortgages seek forbearance, those costs would be more than $2.1 billion per month. At 10%, the monthly cost owed to securities holders would jump to $4.2 billion and at 20% to $8.48 billion. While Ginnie Mae has announced a pass-through assistance program through which it will advance principal and interest payments to investors on behalf of servicers, at present there is no such program in place for mortgages backed by the GSEs. This remains a very fluid situation all around.”

The month’s report also looked at the impact recent interest rate volatility has had on everything from home affordability and refinance incentive to home purchasing power. Market uncertainty has resulted in the spread between 10-year Treasury yields and 30-year fixed interest mortgage rates expanding significantly in recent weeks. Historically, the two move in relative tandem, but surges in refinance applications, which have overwhelmed originator supply chains along with uncertainty in the secondary markets, have resulted in 30-year rate increases and widening spreads. Such interest rate volatility has had a whipsaw effect on refinance incentive, with the number of homeowners who could both likely qualify for and benefit from a refinance growing as high as 14.3 million at the start of March, to as low as 3.3 million by March 12 and back to 10 million as of March 24.

Purchase demand, which has been hampered by economic uncertainty and social distancing efforts in recent weeks, is also experiencing downward pressure from recent interest rate volatility. After seeing home affordability improve to its strongest level in more than three years, with 30-year rates falling below record lows in early March, recent jumps in 30-year rates have significantly shifted the affordability landscape, seemingly on a daily basis. The payment required to purchase the average-price home has fluctuated by more than 13% over the past two weeks, making it difficult for prospective buyers to gauge how much home they qualify to purchase and creating challenges for those under contract to decide when to lock in their rate. For example, the buying power of a prospective homebuyer who qualified for a $1,000/month mortgage payment with 20% down rose from $270,000 at the start of the year to $292,000 on March 2 – when 30-year rates fell to 3.13%. When rates hit 4.15% two weeks later, that same borrower would have only qualified for a $258,000 home purchase – a $34,000 reduction in buying power. Much more detail can be found in February 2020 Mortgage Monitor Report.

About Mortgage Monitor

The Data & Analytics division of Black Knight manages the nation’s leading repository of loan-level residential mortgage data and performance information covering the majority of the overall market, including tens of millions of loans across the spectrum of credit products and more than 160 million historical records. The combined insight of the Black Knight HPI and Collateral Analytics’ home price and real estate data provides one of the most complete, accurate and timely measures of home prices available, covering 95% of U.S. residential properties down to the ZIP-code level. In addition, the company maintains one of the most robust public property records databases available, covering 99.9% of the U.S. population and households from more than 3,100 counties.

Black Knight’s research experts carefully analyze this data to produce a summary supplemented by dozens of charts and graphs that reflect trend and point-in-time observations for the monthly Mortgage Monitor Report. To review the full report, visit: https://www.blackknightinc.com/data-reports/

About Black Knight

Black Knight, Inc. (NYSE:BKI) is an award-winning software, data and analytics company that drives innovation in the mortgage lending and servicing and real estate industries, as well as the capital and secondary markets. Businesses leverage our robust, integrated solutions across the entire homeownership life cycle to help retain existing customers, gain new customers, mitigate risk and operate more effectively.

Our clients rely on our proven, comprehensive, scalable products and our unwavering commitment to delivering superior client support to achieve their strategic goals and better serving their customers. For more information on Black Knight, please visit www.blackknightinc.com.

1 Bloomberg, March 31, 2020
2 Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, “On the Economy Blog,” March 24, 2020

About Mortgage Monitor

ICE manages the nation’s leading repository of loan-level residential mortgage data and performance information covering the majority of the overall market, including tens of millions of loans across the spectrum of credit products and more than 160 million historical records. The combined insight of the ICE Home Price Index and Collateral Analytics’ home price and real estate data provides one of the most complete, accurate and timely measures of home prices available, covering 95% of U.S. residential properties down to the ZIP-code level. In addition, the company maintains one of the most robust public property records databases available, covering 99.9% of the U.S. population and households from more than 3,100 counties.

ICE’s research experts carefully analyze this data to produce a summary supplemented by dozens of charts and graphs that reflect trend and point-in-time observations for the monthly Mortgage Monitor Report. To review the full report, visit: https://www.icemortgagetechnology.com/resources/data-reports

About Intercontinental Exchange

Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (NYSE: ICE) is a Fortune 500 company that designs, builds and operates digital networks that connect people to opportunity. We provide financial technology and data services across major asset classes helping our customers access mission-critical workflow tools that increase transparency and efficiency. ICE’s futures, equity, and options exchanges – including the New York Stock Exchange – and clearing houses help people invest, raise capital and manage risk. We offer some of the world’s largest markets to trade and clear energy and environmental products. Our fixed income, data services and execution capabilities provide information, analytics and platforms that help our customers streamline processes and capitalize on opportunities. At ICE Mortgage Technology, we are transforming U.S. housing finance, from initial consumer engagement through loan production, closing, registration and the long-term servicing relationship. Together, ICE transforms, streamlines and automates industries to connect our customers to opportunity.

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Media Contacts

Mitch Cohen
704.890.8158
mitch.cohen@bkfs.com​​​

Katia Gonzalez
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